DANGERS OF SMOKING
If we see from the content of Roko wah is not scary enough?
then think about what the dangers posed by smoking?
Dangers of smoking to differentiate into two namely the danger of active smokers and passive smoking hazards. What was previously active and passive smokers?
Active smokers are those who directly inhale smoke, whereas passive smokers are those who do not accidentally inhale cigarette smoke.
and fair, if people who have never smoked cigarettes also affected by smoking?
this is the danger of a perokokpasif and active.
Many studies have shown an association of smoking with coronary heart disease (CHD). Of the 11 million deaths per year in industrialized countries, the WHO reports that more than half (6 million) due to impaired blood circulation, in which 2.5 million were coronary heart disease and 1.5 million are stroke. MOH survey in 1986 and 1992, obtaining an increase in deaths from heart disease of 9.7 per cent (ranked third) to 16 percent (ranked first).
Smoking is a major factor causing the heart blood vessel disease. Not just cause of coronary heart disease, smoking is also bad for the brain and peripheral blood vessels.
Smokers smoke exhaled smoke can be divided into primary (main stream smoke) and smoke the side (side stream smoke). The main smoke is tobacco smoke is inhaled directly by smokers, while the side is the smoke of tobacco smoke spread into the atmosphere, which will be inhaled by another person or passive smokers.
Has 4000 types of chemicals found in cigarettes, with 40 species of which are carcinogenic (can cause cancer), in which the toxic material is mostly found on the side smoke such as carbon monoxide (CO) 5-fold more common in addition to smoke than The main smoke, benzopiren 3 times, and ammonia 50 times. These materials can last up to several hours in a room after smoking stops.
Generally the focus of research aimed at the role of nicotine and carbon monoxide. Both of these materials, in addition to increased oxygen demand, also disrupt the oxygen supply to the heart muscle (myocardium) to the detriment of myocardial work.
Nicotine interfere with the sympathetic nervous system due to increased myocardial oxygen demand. Besides smoking causes addiction, nicotine also stimulates the release of adrenaline, increased heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac oxygen demand, and cause heart rhythm disturbances. Nicotine also interfere with nerve, brain, and many other body parts. Nicotine activates platelets by adhesion due to the onset of platelets (clotting) into the vessel wall.Carbon monoxide caused desaturation of hemoglobin, lowering the direct supply of oxygen to tissues throughout the body including the myocardium. CO replaces the oxygen in hemoglobin, interfering with the release of oxygen, and accelerated atherosclerosis (calcification / thickening of blood vessel walls). Thus, physical exercise capacity lowered CO, increased blood viscosity, making it easier for blood clotting.
Nicotine, CO, and other substances in cigarette smoke proved damaging endothelial (blood vessel wall), and facilitate the onset of blood clotting. In addition, cigarette smoke affect the lipid profile. Compared with nonsmokers, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and blood of smokers is higher, whereas HDL cholesterol is lower.
CORONARY HEART DISEASE
Smoking is proven to be the biggest risk factor for sudden death.
The risk of coronary heart disease increased by 2-4 times in smokers compared with nonsmokers. This risk increases with age and number of cigarettes smoked. Research shows that smoking risk factors work synergistically with other factors, such as hypertension, lipid levels or high blood sugar, on the outbreak of CHD.
Please note that the risk of death from coronary heart disease was reduced by 50 percent in the first year after smoking was stopped. As a result of clotting (thrombosis) and calcification (atherosclerosis) of blood vessel walls, smoking will clearly damage the blood vessels peripheral.
PPDP involving arteries and veins in the leg or arm is often found in young adult heavy smokers, will often end up with amputation.
DISEASE (STROKE)
Blockage of blood vessels of the brain that are abrupt or stroke associated with smoking a lot. Risk of stroke and death risk higher in smokers compared with nonsmokers.
In a study conducted in the United States and Britain, found smoking habits increase the likelihood of the emergence of AIDS in HIV. In the group of smokers, the average AIDS arose in 8.17 months, whereas in the non-smokers arises after 14.5 months. Decrease in immunity in smokers initiated more easily exposed to AIDS so that stopping smoking is important in defensive measure against AIDS.
Now more and more researched and reported adverse effects of smoking on pregnant women, impotence, decreased immune individuals, including in people with viral hepatitis, gastrointestinal cancer, and others. From the point of health economics, the impact of diseases that arise from smoking will clearly add to costs, both for individuals, families, corporations, even countries.
Diseases that arise from smoking affect the supply of manpower, especially skilled workers or executive staff, with sudden death or disability arising out clearly cause large losses for the company. Decline in labor productivity raises the company's revenue decline, as well as the economic burden that does little for individuals and families. Expenditures for health care costs increase, families, corporations, and government.
SMOKING HABITS
You should attempt to stop smoking is the duty and responsibility of all levels of society. Business information and counseling, particularly among the younger generation, can also be associated with narcotics hazard mitigation efforts, the business school health and public health education in general.
Role models of society, including officials, religious leaders, teachers, health workers, artists, and sportsmen, it is fitting to set an example by not smoking. It should also be restrictions on smoking opportunities in public places, schools, public transport and workplaces; regulation and control of tobacco promotional advertising; put health warnings on cigarette packages and cigarette advertising.
Climate not smoking should be created. This should be carried out simultaneously by all of us, who wants the achievement of the state and nation a healthy and prosperous Indonesia.
GATE DRUG
The most serious result of chronic use of nicotine is addictive. Once someone becomes a smoker, it would be difficult to end the practice both physically and psychologically. Smoking becomes a compulsive habit, starting with the ceremonial lighting a cigarette and exhaled smoke is done repeatedly.
Due to the nature of addictive (making a person become addicted) cigarettes in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV) are grouped into Nicotine Related Disorders. While the WHO classify it as a form of addiction. Pharmacologic and behavioral processes that determine tobacco addiction are similar to processes in addictive drugs, like heroin and cocaine.
Nicotine affects dopamine has the properties of the brain with the same process as the drugs. In order nature of addictive psychoactive substance, nicotine is more addictive than heroin, cocaine, alcohol, caffeine and marijuana. According to Flemming, Glyn and Ershler smoking is an early stage to become abusers of drugs (drug abuse). Trying smoking was significantly opened up opportunities of use of illegal drugs in the future.
Based on known epidemiological data approximately 20% of smokers have a risk eight times become drug abusers, and the risk eleven times to be heavy drinkers than those who do not smoke. Special attention on this issue is associated with an increased number of teenage smokers.
Addressing the issue of smoking in adolescents is expected to prevent problems that would arise in the future related to these habits, one of which is drug abuse prevention. According to Teddy Hidayat, Soul Medicine Specialist, Youth at high risk are adolescents who have trait immediate gratification, are less able to delay the desire, feeling empty and easily bored, anxious, anxiety, and depressive.
Understanding of smoking habits and personality trait tendencies would greatly assist efforts to stop these harmful habits. For the prevention of smoking in children and adolescents. Parents and teachers hold a major role to supervise, provide the correct information and most importantly, not an example of the behavior of individuals who are addicted to smoking habits.
MENTAL HEALTH DISTURB
Smoking is closely associated with disability and decreased quality of life. In a study in Germany since the year 1997-1999 which involved 4181 respondents, concluded that the respondents that have nicotine dependence have a worse quality of life, and nearly 50% of respondents smokers have at least one type of psychiatric disorders. Also note also that patients with mental disorders more likely to be smokers, ie in 50% of people with mental disorders, 70% of patients seeking treatment maniakal outpatient and 90% of patients seeking treatment skizrofen road.
Berdasaran study from CASA (Columbian University's National Center On Addiction and Substance Abuse), adolescent smokers have twice the risk of experiencing symptoms of depression than adolescents who do not smoke. The active smokers were more likely having a panic attack than those who do not smoke Many studies have shown that smoking and depression is a relationship of inter-related. Depression causes people to smoke and smokers usually have symptoms of depression and anxiety (anxiety).
Most people with depression said they had smoked in his life. A history of depression were associated with the presence or absence of withdrawal symptoms (withdrawal) of nicotine when a person decides to quit smoking. As many as 75% of depression sufferers who tried to quit smoking experience withdrawal symptoms such drugs. This is certainly related to the increasing number of business failures to quit smoking and relapses in patients with depression.
In addition, nicotine withdrawal symptoms similar to symptoms of depression. However, it was reported that the withdrawal symptoms experienced by depressed patients are more physical symptoms such as reduced concentration, sleep disturbance, fatigue and weight gain).
Nicotine as a drug of psychiatric disorders smoking as a form of therapy for psychiatric disorders is still a controversial debate. Psychiatric disorders can cause a person to smoking and smoking can cause a psychiatric disorder, although very few in number, about 70% of smokers do not have symptoms of mental disorder.
In general, smoking can lead to increased concentration, suppress hunger, suppress anxiety, and depression. In some studies nicotine is shown to be effective for the treatment of depression. Basically nicotine provides promising opportunities for use as a psychoactive drug. However, nicotine has a very narrow terapheutic index, so that the range between the appropriate dose for therapeutic and toxic doses is very narrow.
So think about a form of nicotine in pure form but not in the form of analogues. However, the framework of nicotine as a drug is not in the habit of smoking. Like morphine is used as a powerful analgesic drug (painkiller), the gift should be in a doctor's supervision. Gravity, current nicotine can be obtained freely and easily in a cigarette, it needs to watch out because smoking does not necessarily become a justification for the treatment of symptoms of psychiatric disorders.
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
The study of smoking and reproductive conducted throughout the two decades it has found that smoking can cause damage to the reproductive system of a person starting from puberty to adulthood
In research conducted by Dr. Sinead Jones, director of The British Medical Association's Tobacco Control Resource Centre, found that women who smoke have a relatively small chance to get a descent.
men will experience two times the risk of infertility (infertile) and runs the risk of DNA damage in sperm cells. While the results of research on pregnant women increased incidence of miscarriage. The study said that from 3000 to 5000 incidence of miscarriages per year in the UK, closely linked to smoking.
120,000 men in England aged between 30 sampai50 years experience impotence due to smoking. Even worse, smoking has implications for 1200 cases of cervical cancer per year.
WOMEN SMOKING, EARLY MENOPAUSE
Women who smoke are very likely to begin menopause before age 45 years and also make them face the risk of osteoporosis and heart disease, Norwegian researchers reported.
"Among many as 2123 women aged 59 to 60 years, those who currently smoked, 59% more likely to experience premature menopause compared with women who did not smoke," said Dr.. Thea F. Mikkelsen of the University of Oslo and colleagues.
For the heaviest smokers, the risk of early menopause nearly doubled. However, women who formerly smoked, but stopped at least 10 years before menopause, the inherently less likely to stop menstruating compared with smokers before age 45 years.
There is evidence that smoking later in life makes a woman more likely to experience premature menopause, while smokers who quit before middle age may not be affected, Mikkelsen and his team in the online journal BMC Public Health.
They investigated the relationship further and determine whether secondhand smoke may also affect the time of menopause. The researchers found that nearly 10% of women entering menopause before age 45 years.
Then why do people already know the dangers of smoking but they still smoke?
if not affection with age?
he said this is due to in utero cigarette contained a substance called "nicotine" yes substance that makes smokers become addicted to smoking.
most of them thought it was weird or uncomfortable when not using tobacco, yes sort of dizziness, or bitter lips, and so on.
This is caused in the world each year found 2.2 million deaths from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). And the disease they get from smoking they have done for years. The death rate due to tobacco each year will continue to increase as the number of smokers.
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